Building a Simple Bot¶

Goal¶

We will create a very simple bot that checks our current mood and tries to cheer us up if we are feeling sad. It will query our mood and based on our reply will respond with a funny image or a message.

We created a starter pack to help you get started with this tutorial (or any bot you’re building), so the first step is to clone this:

git clone https://github.com/RasaHQ/starter-pack.git && cd starter-pack

The files that are important for this tutorial are described below:

starter-pack/
├── data/
│   ├── stories.md            # dialogue training data
│   └── nlu_data.md           # nlu training data
├── domain.yml                # dialogue configuration
└── nlu_config.yml            # nlu configuration

Let’s go through each of them! Just copy the example code below into each of the relevant files as you go along.

Setup¶

For this tutorial to work, you need to have rasa_core installed, rasa_nlu, as well as spaCy:

pip install rasa_nlu[spacy]
pip install rasa_core

You’ll also need the english language model:

python -m spacy download en_core_web_md
python -m spacy link en_core_web_md en

1. Define a Domain¶

The first thing we need is a Domain. The domain defines the universe your bot lives in.

Here is an example domain for our moodbot, domain.yml:

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

intents:
  - greet
  - goodbye
  - mood_affirm
  - mood_deny
  - mood_great
  - mood_unhappy

actions:
- utter_greet
- utter_cheer_up
- utter_did_that_help
- utter_happy
- utter_goodbye

templates:
  utter_greet:
  - text: "Hey! How are you?"
    buttons:
    - title: "great"
      payload: "great"
    - title: "super sad"
      payload: "super sad"

  utter_cheer_up:
  - text: "Here is something to cheer you up:"
    image: "https://i.imgur.com/nGF1K8f.jpg"

  utter_did_that_help:
  - text: "Did that help you?"

  utter_happy:
  - text: "Great carry on!"

  utter_goodbye:
  - text: "Bye"

So what do the different parts mean?

In our simple example we don’t need slots and entities, so these sections don’t appear in our definition.

How does this fit together? Rasa takes the intent, entities, and the internal state of the dialogue, and selects one of the actions that should be executed next. If the action is just to say something to the user, Rasa will look for a matching template in the domain (action name equals the utter template, as for utter_greet in the above example), fill in any variables, and respond. For actions which do more than just send a message, you can define them as python classes and reference them in the domain by their module path. See Defining Custom Actions for more information about custom actions.

2. Define an interpreter¶

An interpreter is responsible for parsing messages. It performs the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and transforms the message into structured output. In this example we are going to use Rasa NLU for this purpose.

In Rasa NLU, we need to define the user messages our bot should be able to handle in the Rasa NLU training data format. In this tutorial we are going to use Markdown Format for NLU training data. Let’s create some intent examples in data/nlu_data.md:

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

## intent:greet
- hey
- hello
- hi
- hello there
- good morning
- good evening
- moin
- hey there
- let's go
- hey dude
- goodmorning
- goodevening
- good afternoon

## intent:goodbye
- cu
- good by
- cee you later
- good night
- good afternoon
- bye
- goodbye
- have a nice day
- see you around
- bye bye
- see you later

## intent:mood_affirm
- yes
- indeed
- of course
- that sounds good
- correct

## intent:mood_deny
- no
- never
- I don't think so
- don't like that
- no way

## intent:mood_great
- perfect
- very good
- great
- amazing
- feeling like a king
- wonderful
- I am feeling very good
- I am great
- I am amazing
- I am going to save the world
- super
- extremely good
- so so perfect
- so good
- so perfect

## intent:mood_unhappy
- my day was horrible
- I am sad
- I don't feel very well
- I am disappointed
- super sad
- I'm so sad
- sad
- very sad
- unhappy
- not so good
- not very good
- extremly sad
- so saad
- so sad

Furthermore, we need a configuration file, nlu_config.yml, for the NLU model:

1

pipeline: "spacy_sklearn"

We can now train an NLU model using our examples (make sure to install Rasa NLU first, as well as spaCy).

Let’s run

python -m rasa_nlu.train -c nlu_config.yml --data data/nlu_data.md -o models
--fixed_model_name nlu --project current --verbose

to train our NLU model. A new directory models/current/nlu should have been created containing the NLU model. Note that current stands for project name, since this is specified in the train command.

3. Define stories¶

So far, we’ve got an NLU model, a domain defining the actions our bot can take, and inputs it should handle (intents & entities). We are still missing the central piece, stories to tell our bot what to do at which point in the dialogue.

A story is a training data sample for the dialogue system. There are two different ways to create stories (and you can mix them):

• create the stories by hand, writing them directly to a file
• create stories using interactive learning (see Interactive Learning).

For this example, we are going to create the stories by writing them directly to stories.md. Stories begin with ## and a string as an identifier. User intents start with an asterisk *, and bot actions are specified by lines beginning with a dash -. The end of a story is denoted by a newline. See Stories - The Training Data for more information about the data format.

Enough talking, let’s head over to our stories:

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

## happy path               <!-- name of the story - just for debugging -->
* greet              
  - utter_greet
* mood_great               <!-- user utterance, in format _intent[entities] -->
  - utter_happy

## sad path 1               <!-- this is already the start of the next story -->
* greet
  - utter_greet             <!-- action of the bot to execute -->
* mood_unhappy
  - utter_cheer_up
  - utter_did_that_help
* mood_affirm
  - utter_happy

## sad path 2
* greet
  - utter_greet
* mood_unhappy
  - utter_cheer_up
  - utter_did_that_help
* mood_deny
  - utter_goodbye

## say goodbye
* goodbye
  - utter_goodbye

Be aware, although it is a bit faster to write stories directly by hand instead of using interactive learning, special care needs to be taken when using slots, as they need to be properly set in the stories.

4. Put the pieces together¶

There are two things we still need to do: train the dialogue model and run it.

To train the dialogue model, run:

python -m rasa_core.train -d domain.yml -s data/stories.md -o models/current/dialogue --epochs 200

This will train the dialogue model for 200 epochs and store it into models/current/dialogue. Where 1 epoch corresponds to one pass of the algorithm through all the training examples, which in this case are the stories.

Now we can use that trained dialogue model and the previously created NLU model to run our bot. Here we’ll just talk to the bot on the command line:

python -m rasa_core.run -d models/current/dialogue -u models/current/nlu

And there we have it! A minimal bot containing all the important pieces of Rasa Core.

In order to restart the bot type /restart into the command line.

Bonus: Handle messages from Facebook¶

If you want to handle input from Facebook instead of the command line, you can specify that as part of the run command, after creating a credentials file containing the information to connect to facebook. Let’s put that into fb_credentials.yml:

1
2
3

verify: "rasa-bot"
secret: "3e34709d01ea89032asdebfe5a74518"
page-access-token: "EAAbHPa7H9rEBAAuFk4Q3gPKbDedQnx4djJJ1JmQ7CAqO4iJKrQcNT0wtD"

If you are new to Facebook Messenger bots, head over to Facebook Messenger Setup for an explanation of the different values.

After setting that up, we can now run the bot using

python -m rasa_core.run -d models/dialogue -u models/nlu/current \
   --port 5002 --connector facebook --credentials fb_credentials.yml

and it will now handle messages users send to the Facebook page.